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g., Sc3+, Mg2+, Mn2+. Univalent ions such as Li+ was utilized to substitute Na+ ion rather than Gd3+, and the synergistic effects of Zr4+ and Li+ ions by co-doping them into NaGdF4Yb,Er nanocrystals were investigated toward optimal enhancement. Upon optimization, the up-conversion emission of co-doped NaGdF4Yb,Er nanocrystals was enhanced by more than one order of magnitude compared with undoped nanocrystals. The current studies thus demonstrate that the local crystal field surrounding emitters is an effective parameter for manipulatin
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