https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/phenol-red-so
ACh significantly decreased hypoxia-induced ROS generation and the resulting apoptosis, accompanied by lowered phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Western blotting analysis further confirmed that ACh decreased the ratio of pp38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3. Besides, ACh promoted cell invasion and migration ability under hypoxic conditions. Atropine, the muscarinic receptor antagonist, abolished ACh's effects mentioned above. Overall, our data showed that ACh exerted protective
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