The fundamental principle of operation for a space acousto-optic modulator mirrors that of its terrestrial counterparts. It relies on the acousto-optic effect, where an acoustic wave traveling through a crystal material induces a periodic modulation of the refractive index. When a free-space laser beam passes through this modulated region, it is diffracted into one or more output beams with altered properties, such as frequency, intensity, and direction. By meticulously controlling the characteristics of the acoustic wave – its frequency, amplitude, and waveform – highly accurate manipulation of the laser beam becomes possible.
https://www.cq-smart.com/space....-acousto-optic-modul

The 1550nm fiber AOM plays a vital role in optical switching, signal modulation, and dynamic gain control. By utilizing acoustic waves to diffract and manipulate the optical beam, these devices allow for rapid and precise control over the intensity, frequency, and direction of light signals.
https://www.cq-smart.com/1550n....m-integrative-fiber-