https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/chloroquine.h
The morphology changes of Nafion thin films with thicknesses from 10-200 nm on Pt substrate with various annealing histories (unannealed to 240oC) were systematically investigated using grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). The results revealed that the hydrophilic ionic domain and hydrophobic backbone in Nafion thin films changed significantly when the annealing treatment exceeded the cluster transition temperature, which decreased proton conductivity, du
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