A CMOS inverter is a fundamental building block in digital electronics, particularly within the realm of CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) technology, which is widely used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. The CMOS inverter serves as a basic logic gate that converts an input signal to its opposite output; it outputs a high voltage (logical 1) when it receives a low voltage (logical at its input, and vice versa.

The structure of a CMOS inverter consists of two transistors: a PMOS (P-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and an NMOS (N-type Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor. These transistors are configured in such a way that the PMOS is connected to a high voltage supply, and the NMOS is connected to the ground. The input signal controls both transistors, effectively making the output high when the input is low and low when the input is high.

The CMOS inverter is appreciated for its simplicity and efficiency. It demonstrates very low power consumption, especially when not switching states, because only one of the transistors conducts at any time, minimizing current draw. This characteristic makes CMOS inverters ideal for use in low-power and high-density applications, such as microprocessors, memory chips, and other digital logic circuits.
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