https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/fumarate-hydr
Laser wakefield acceleration relies on the excitation of a plasma wave due to the ponderomotive force of an intense laser pulse. However, plasma wave trains in the wake of the laser have scarcely been studied directly in experiments. Here we use few-cycle shadowgraphy in conjunction with interferometry to quantify plasma waves excited by the laser within the density range of GeV-scale accelerators, i.e., a few 10^18cm^-3. While analytical models suggest a clear dependency between the nonlinear plasma wavelength and the p
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