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42 to-0.02), and educational interventions were especially effective (effect size,-0.36; 95% CI,-0.69 to-0.03). Although interventions reduced anxiety and improved satisfaction, these results were not statistically significant based on the analysis. Our findings support that nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain management interventions could help reduce pain in patients with total knee/hip replacement by supplementing pharmacologic pain management. Nurse-led nonpharmacologic pain interventions should be considered to reduce patient pain with total knee/hip repla
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